Graphene Nanopowder

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a honeycomb-like nanostructure. Its name is derived from “graphite” and the suffix “-ene”, indicating that the graphite allotrope of carbon contains a large number of double bonds in a two-dimensional sheet.

In a graphene sheet, each atom is connected to its three nearest carbon neighbors via σ bonds and a non-local π bond that contributes to a valence band that extends over the entire sheet. This type of bonding is also observed in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The valence band is in contact with the conduction band, making graphene a semimetal with unusual electronic properties that are best described by theories of massless relativistic particles. Charge carriers in graphene exhibit a linear, rather than quadratic, energy-momentum dependence, and field-effect transistors can be fabricated with graphene that exhibit bipolar conduction. Charge transport over long distances is ballistic; the material exhibits large quantum fluctuations and large nonlinear diamagnetism.

Properties:

• Very high tensile strength: Graphene is one of the strongest materials known.
• Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity: Due to its special structure, this material has a high ability to transmit electricity and heat.
• Transparency: Graphene is transparent and can be used in optical applications.
• The thinnest two-dimensional material: Graphene consists of only one atomic layer of carbon and is therefore very light and thin.

Applications:

• Semiconductors and electronics: Graphene is used as a key material in the manufacture of transistors and other electronic components.
• Electric batteries: Due to its high conductivity, graphene can be used to improve battery performance and energy storage.
• Composites: Graphene is used as a reinforcement in composite materials to increase strength and reduce weight.
• Sensors and biosensors: The electrical and chemical properties of graphene make it suitable for the development of advanced sensors.